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Participatory Programme Planning Methods

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Determining a development approach can be a challenging task, and requires a comprehensive method to identify the most effective approach. In this article, we will discuss the importance of participation in development projects and two methods of participatory research: Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA).

Participation in development projects has many benefits, as identified by Oakley et al. (1991). These benefits include efficiency, effectiveness, self-reliance, development of local human resources, coverage, and sustainability. When local people are involved in the planning and implementation of development projects, they take ownership and responsibility for the project's success. This also ensures that the project is tailored to meet the specific needs of the community.

Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) is a method of involving people in society to gather information in a short span of time. The purpose of RRA is to validate inferences, hypotheses, observations, and conclusions in a limited period of time. This approach involves engaging with local people to gather information and opinions on a particular issue. This method is useful for gathering information in a short period of time and can provide a starting point for further research.

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is another approach to participatory research. PRA involves local people actively engaged in the collection of data and drawing up plans for action. Experts and outsiders act only as facilitators. This approach allows local people to take ownership of the research process, feel responsible for implementing the activity based on them, and ensure that the project is tailored to meet their specific needs. PRA has many distinguished features such as transitioning from closed to open, measurement to comparison, individual to the group, democracy on the ground, verbal to visual, and reserve to rapport.

Handing over the sticks is one of the key principles of PRA. This means that local people are given the opportunity to lead the project and take responsibility for its success. Self-critical awareness is another important principle of PRA, as it enables local people to reflect on their actions and make changes when necessary.

In conclusion, determining the most effective development approach requires a comprehensive method. Participation is a crucial aspect of development projects, and both RRA and PRA can be effective methods for gathering information and involving local people in the planning and implementation of projects. PRA, in particular, allows local people to take ownership of the research process and ensures that the project is tailored to meet their specific needs. By following these principles, development projects can be successful, sustainable, and beneficial for the communities they serve.

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